Process Management

What is Process Management?

Process management refers to the management of processes in an operating system, including creation, execution, and termination.

Key Concepts

• Process: A program in execution.
• Process Control Block (PCB): A data structure that stores information about a process.
• Process Scheduling: The process of allocating CPU time to processes.

Process States

• New: The process is created.
• Ready: The process is waiting for CPU time.
• Running: The process is executing.
• Waiting: The process is waiting for an event to occur.
• Zombie: The process has finished execution but its PCB remains.
• Dead: The process has finished execution and its PCB is removed.

Process Scheduling Algorithms

• First-Come-First-Served (FCFS): Processes are executed in the order they arrive.
• Shortest Job First (SJF): The process with the shortest execution time is executed first.
• Priority Scheduling: Processes are executed based on their priority.
• Round Robin (RR): Processes are executed in a circular queue, with each process getting a fixed time slice.

Process Synchronization

• Mutex: A lock that allows only one process to access a shared resource.
• Semaphore: A variable that controls access to a shared resource.
• Monitor: A program module that synchronizes access to a shared resource.